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The importance of GIS

The importance of GIS

• What are the reasons that make the use of geographic information systems (GIS) within any institution, company, or government ministry is very necessary??
• Why is GIS important in every workplace??
• Why smart cities are the ones that use the largest number of GIS goals and applications??

At the outset, it is necessary to define key points before answering the questions of this article. What is meant by GIS, its components and its strength, in addition to GIS data. Learn about these important points by clicking here and then continue with the next article.

What distinguishes GIS from other information systems is that it is linked to a geographic word, i.e. place, which is the location on the surface of the globe, such as land boundaries, residential communities, water sources, land uses and classification, road networks, electricity and water and other geographical data, where their location is determined from Through a geographic or projected coordinate system.

In real life, a lot of problems occur, and each problem is within the jurisdiction of a particular party, for example, a fire accident in forest areas is within the competence of the Civil Defense, the spread of a very strong disease such as Covid 19 is within the competence of preventive medicine, land uses and choosing the best places to establish public services within the competence of the municipalities. A crime of theft under the jurisdiction of the police, survey operations on plots of land under the jurisdiction of the Land Authority.

If GIS is present in the previous examples, it is very important through the following:

1. Fire accidents: the location of the fire is determined, then the road network is analyzed to determine the best way to reach the accident in the shortest time, determine the ground cover of the area so that if it is a forested area, the possibility of the fire spreading quickly, so GIS arrives at a map of the fire to study the neighboring areas and as needed, cars are supported Extinguishing in terms of number and capabilities, or planes can be used to limit the spread, as for the built places, the neighboring buildings are identified and communication with the residents with the aim of evacuation.
2. The spread of diseases: by placing points in the places where the disease is spread, then analyzing the group of points and establishing a density area to study the areas with high disease, moderate disease and mild disease, in order to isolate and close certain areas so that the disease does not reach them, and then study the cause of the spread.
3. Spatial adaptation analysis: to select the best places to build services such as a school, hospital, shopping mall, entertainment city, and landfill based on criteria taken and used within ArcGIS programs to facilitate the selection of the best places with minimal time and effort.
4. Theft incident: any incident of spatial theft. The hour of the crime and the place of the crime are identified to draw a map of a spatial sanctuary through which the areas where the thief is likely to be located are determined. This is done by analyzing the areas of walking, car, or any means of transportation. Police are deployed in These potential areas or the closure of certain roads and paths.
5. Survey operations: any piece of land whose borders are known, and the lands can be divided or the lands unified.

Geographical information systems save, store and analyze this data and produce maps and reports about the land sector in terms of saving time and effort to know the land information and organize it administratively and cadastral.

There are many examples emphasizing the importance of the presence of GIS in any workplace, but we will suffice to mention the previous examples in order to shorten the time.

If GIS answers the following questions:

1. A description of events that occur within a geographic area.
2. Where do the problems occur geographically?
3. The cause of problems to reduce them.

Among the most important features that distinguish GIS from other information systems:

1. Answer questions related to geographical phenomena (features and geographical data)
2. Links information to the place to identify, analyze and interpret the spatial relationship between all problems based on the location and can be linked to the factors of the surrounding environment to reach better results
3. Spatial analysis, which is a very important power used by geographic information systems by obtaining geographical data derived from original geographical data, to support decision-makers in their decisions to reduce natural or human accidents through maps and previous data that are scheduled, saved and analyzed to make future predictions in the event of an eventual occurrence. An accident to reduce its effects and find an alternative quickly.
4. Determining the best places to establish services through spatial fit analysis.
5. Analysis through time The fourth dimension in which geographical information systems are distinguished, by knowing different time periods from a phenomenon or a problem, changes are detected and compared between them to reach the desired goal.
6. GIS programs depend on the computer, so the error rate is much less compared to the manual work of humans, such as digitization, data entry and mapping, Through automated software, data is entered, and the computer outputs the programmed results, so the accuracy of the data entered into the software is the result of the output. For example, correcting the geometry of phenomena and geographical features is done through the use of the automated topology software, and it detects all engineering errors. In addition, a tool is designed through the model builder to check the quality of certain data, and complex mathematical calculations are performed with extreme accuracy much better than the calculations. Manual such as overlaying a set of raster data to get the best possible way to create a specific service.
7. Through geographical databases, geographical data is dealt with easily, flexibly, and with less time and effort in the case of saving data on a computer. The processes of collecting, preserving and storing geographical data within geographical databases are the first step in building and developing any geographical information system.
8. Finally, thanks to geographic information systems and its programs, many types of maps are produced through which all the features inside the map are understood and decision-makers are supported in making the appropriate decision.
9. Geographical information systems through which reality is modeled through programs to simulate reality with ease and apply the scheme to reality at the lowest costs, in addition to the many ways of presenting data, whether from the interface of programs or through websites.