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What is meant by Geographic Information Systems?

Geographic information systems:

In our time, the era of technology and the rapid development that has taken place, the tendency to deepen the so-called geographic information systems has increased, what is the reason or what are the reasons that made many people interested in developing all aspects of life through the use of GIS.

When thinking about a set of geographic information systems, we know that there is a group of systems linked to a lot of information, and this information is geographical or Features, and these phenomena include anything that has a human or natural value or the integration between man and nature.

for example

Mountains, rivers, and any other form of the globe’s topography are natural geographical phenomena or Features, as well as what man has produced in terms of urbanization, cities, road construction, and determining the geographical areas in which he lives, as well as the boundaries of plots of land are considered geographical phenomena.

From here comes the importance of interest in geographic information systems due to the large number of geographical phenomena on the surface of the earth, which cannot be counted, so he found a science related to many sciences called the science of geographic information systems, and to apply this science we need a lot of programs that serve this science, and it can be simple The use of geographic information systems as a tool to discover, know, or identify a specific target.

In this article, is talking about:

1. Define information systems Geography (tool, software and science).
2. The strength of GIS.
3. GIS data.

Define GIS

From here, we can say that we have come to know GIS by defining it in the following form:

1. Tool: GIS programs are used as a means to achieve a desired goal, for example knowing the locations of schools in a city or country.
2. Programs: A group of programs aimed at collecting, storing and preserving data and geographical phenomena, performing spatial and descriptive analyzes of them, and producing maps to help decision-makers make their decisions with less time and effort to develop goals from using ArcGIS, Global Mapper, AutoCAD, ArcGIS pro, QGIS and other programs.
3. Science: GIS is a science in itself that has a relationship with the rest of the sciences. It is the science that is concerned with collecting, storing and preserving geographical data and phenomena, conducting spatial and descriptive analyzes of them, and producing maps to support decision-makers in solving problems related to all geographical phenomena.

GIS strengths:

GIS programs such as ArcGIS link the map and the information.

For example, a paper or electronic blind map (a map of buildings, a map of elevations) without interaction!?!
Information is collected from data collection (school name, number of students, number of classes).
GIS = map + IT, this is what distinguishes a GIS map.
If an interactive map gives us a GIS map and then allows us to query about phenomena and conduct analyzes, the result is the support of decision-makers.

An image showing GIS data

An image showing GIS data